The four classes of citizens in Athens.

The constitution of 594 BC demonstrates very clearly how the new classes are no longer based on birth but on wealth, which can be aquired. It also gives an idea of the organization of the citizen defence force in Athens:

1. Pentakosiomedimnoi: Income above 500 medimnoi of grain (1 medimnoi = 52.5 litres). Have to finance public services such as ship building, religious festivals etc.
2. Hippeis: Income between 300 and 500 medimnoi. Have to provide their horse and armour for military service in the cavalry.
3. Zeugitai: Income between 200 and 300 medimnoi. Have to provide their own armour for military service in the infantry.
4. Thetes: Income below 200 medimnoi. Cannot pay for their armour and serve as light infantry or as rowers in the navy.

home